Enterotoxemia type C
"Purple Gut"
- causes hemorrhagic enteritis and bloody scours
-first month or two of life
-SYMPTOMS: depression, bloody scours, abd pain, convulsions, sudden death (within 24 hours)
-TREATMENT: vaccinate preg ewes 30 days before birthing, vaccinate lambs at 2-3 days, then in 2 weeks.
Tetanus
-spores germinate in tissue
-symptoms occur 1-2 weeks after entering wound
- sudden noises cause violent contractions of muscles
-SYMPTOMS: sawhorse stance, lock jaw, death when resp muscles become paralyzed
-TREATMENT: clean wound and inj penicillin/antitoxin, vaccinate ewes 30 days before lambing, vaccinate lambs when castrating/docking.
Pregnancy Toxemia
"Ketosis"
-occurs in ewes at least 6 weeks of gestation
-low energy, higher growth rate of fetus
-Too thin/ too fat are more susceptible
-SYMPTOMS: poor appetite, lethargy, incoordination, aimlessness walking, recumbancy, death
-TREATMENT: oral propylene gycol 2 oz TID, induce parturition More Bonuses.
Types of Vaccines
-Live: contains strains of the infected agent
-modified live: agent replicated, but no symptoms
-killed/inactivated: organism killed; no growth
-autogenous: infection on farm, you make the vaccine from the infection
Pneumonia in Sheep
-major cause of economic loss
-cranal ventral part of lung affected first; firm tissue
-adenovirus, parainfluenza, pasteurella, bot flies, chlamydia, mycoplasma
-CAUSES: dust, increase ammonia, drafty barns, nutrient deficiency, crowding, inadequate colostrum and colostral antibodies
-SYMPTOMS: depression, labored breathing, decrease appetite, coughing, fever, nasal/ocular discharge, death
-TREATMENT: micotil, excenel, CTC to mass treat, supportive therapy
Contagious Ecthyma
"Sore Mouth" "Orf"
- caused by pox virus
-introduced by new or show animals
- persists in scabs from lesions or pastures
-tiny red nodules on lips turn into blisters then thick brown scabs form
- nursing ewes can get lesions on udders from infected lamb---> causes mastitis
- chronic infections in lambs can lose condition
- TREATMENT: live vaccine on inside thigh (2x) in lambs---> 1 month of age, separate vaccinated from non vaccinated
Caseous Lymphadenitis
-found in soil where grazing
-abscesses with thick green pus
-when ruptured, contaminate EVERYTHING
-lymph nodes near head/neck are affected
- internal abscess may affect liver, kidneys, repro track, nervous system
- lose weight and body condition
-TREATMENT: vaccinate, culling, flush and pack with iodine soaked gauze
C. Perfringens Type D
"Overeating Disease" "Pulpy Kidney Disease"
- in lambs 1 month of age or older
-CAUSED BY: excess feeding--->increases starch in rumen--->growth of clostridia and toxin production
-SYMPTOMS: excitement, convulsions, incoordination
- causes rapid degeneration of kidneys
-TREATMENT: vaccinate preg ewes 30 day prior to lambing, vaccinate lambs prior to increase concentrates in diet
Retroviruses
-OPP, CAEV
-slow viruses (months-years)
-transmission by nasal/oral secretions on fomites
- lambs can be infected by contaminated milk
Ovine Progressive Pneumonia
-in mature sheep
-retrovirus
-annual testing
-histologic diagnosis
-NO TREATMENT
-put lambs on milk replacer
-SYMPTOMS: coughing, fever, lethargy, decrease appetite, bronchial exudate, slow chronic wasting, no inflammatory mastitis
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis
-arthritis in older goats
-retrovirus
-SYMPTOMS: swollen joints, lameness, neurologic symptoms, incoordination, lethargy, convulsions, seizures, death, encephalitis in goats 1-6 months age
-cull and test others
Three most common causes of abortions in sheep
-toxoplasma
-campylobacterosis
-chlamydia
Specimens for Diagnosis of abortions
-REFRIGERATE SPECIMENS
-fetus
-placenta
-serum
-vagina swabs
Campylobacteriosis
"Vibriosis"
-late abortions, still births, premature births, weak lambs
-fetuses die 1-2days before aborted
-metritis 24-48 hours post abortion
-TREATMENT: kill vaccine, tetracyclines in feed
Metritis
Vaginal infection post abortion
Enzootic Abortion
-caused by chlamydia in LATE gestation
-affects yearlings and young ewes
-oral transmission in uterine discharge, placenta, aborted fetuses
-necrotic, leathery gray brown cotyledons
-serology; look for increase of antibodies
-TREATMENT: isolate ewe, kill vaccine, tetracyclines in feed last 4-6 weeks of gestation
-few to no lesions on fetus
Serology
check blood levels
Toxoplasmosis
-abortions, still births
-oocytes shed in feces of cats, ingested by ewe
-swollen cotyledons with scattered gray necrotic areas and mineralization
- no lesions on fetus
-animals get immune
-placental lesions are high (gray and white foci)
-NO TREATMENT; CONTROL CATS
Urolithiasis
-Phosphate stones in urethra
-decrease water intake
-improper Ca:P ratio
-SYMPTOMS: discomfort, restlessness, frequent attempts to urinate
- TREATMENT: surgery, urethrostomy, smooth muscle relaxers
-provide clean water, add up to 4% NaCl to ration, add 1/4 oz ammonium chloride per head per day
Club Lamb Fungus
"Ringworm" "Woolrot" "Wool Fungus"
-attacks hair shafts, surface of skin
-circular lesions, raised plaque or scaly lesions
-CONTAGIOUS (animal-animal, fomites)
-2 to 4 months untreated
-TREATMENTS: antifungal treatments, sunlight
Scours
-Enterotoxigenic e coli
-3-5 days old
-ewes carry organism and lambs get from nursing
-inadequate levels of colostral antibody
-SYMPTOMS: watery yellow diarrhea, dehydration, death
-FLUIDS NOT ANTIBIOTICS
-TREATMENT: E coli antiserium, vacc ewes 30 days prior to lambing, shear/crutch, clean pens, avoid deep mud/manure
Copper Toxicity
-50-100mg/ kg is ACUTE toxic
-intravascular hemolysis
-STRESS CAUSES!
-affects KIDNEYS
-TREATMENT: penicillamine 50 mg PO SID
Haemonchus Contortus
"Barberpole Worm"
-located in abomasum
-highly pathogenic
-major drug resistant
-major killer of sheep/goats
-causes bottle jaw, anemia, hypoproteinemia
Hypoproteinemia
loss of proteins in vessels and a decrease in oncotic pressure to decrease fluid flow
Anemia
low RBCs
Haemonchus Contortus Life Cycle
-lay eggs in feces
-molt
-crawl to standing forage
-crawl up grass 2-3 feet from forages
-ingested by host
-adults in abomasum
Haemonchus Contortus Treatment
-MOST EFFECTIVE: cydectin, levamisole
-NON EFFECTIVE: icomec, safeguard, panacure
Haemonchus Contortus Minimizing Restance
-must kill 90% at recommended dosage rate
-Deworm strategically
-FAMACHA card; 3 and below treat
-provide tannin rich forages
Common Pathogens in Swine Resp Diseases
-Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome
-Mycoplasma (most common)
-Swine Influenza Virus
Swine Mycoplasma Pneumonia
-leading cause of CHRONIC pneumonia
-bacterial and viral infections
-16% reduced growth rate
-22% reduced feed consumption
- moderate morbidity, low mortality
-SYMPTOMS: chronic cough, death (sec bacterial inf), swollen joints, poor coat, loss of condition, stunting, lameness, inner ear inf (head tilt)
-DIAGNOSIS: by symptoms
-TREATMENT: serology, vaccines (vaccinate at 7 days and weaning)
-sensitive to tetracyclines, lincomycin, tiamulin
Thumps
jerky respiration from spasms of diaphragm
Foot Rot
-in moist soil
-usually 1 back foot
-SYMPTOMS: lameness, swollen foot
-TREATMENT: tetracyclines, foot baths with disinfectants
-Skin between hoove soften, being more susceptible to tearing and lesions causing swellling
Pruritis
Itching!!
Ataxia
Unable to walk
Scrapie
-Vertical and horzontial transmission
-infected placenta
-infectious prion found in certain breeds/lines
-TREATMENT: none
-SYMPTOMS: loss of wool on sides/flanks, tremble, 'nibbling' reflex, incoordination, ataxia, recumbancy, death
-examin flock on regular basis
White Muscle Disease
-lambs at birth to 8 weeks old
-rapidly growing, heavily muscled lambs
-Vit E, Selenium Deficiency
-SYMPTOMS: weakness, poor suckling reflex, stiffness, arch back, sawhorse stance, resp distress, death
-degeneration of heart and skeletal muscles
-TREATMENT: inj ewes with Selenium and Vit E the last month of preg, treat lambs at birth
Swine Influenza Virus
-caused by stress (new breeding stock, new feeder pigs, return from livestock shows)
-high morbitity rate
- incubation is 18-24 hours
-SYMPTOMS: coughing, sneezing, muscular stiffness, pain, fever, anorexia, lung edema, thumps
-damages mucociliary escalator
-DIAGNOSIS: isolate tissue from dead pig; serology
-TREATMENT: no specific treatment; antibiotics, killed vaccine
-PREVENTION: draft free house, clean bedding, sanitary nursing care; 2-6 weeks
Atrophic Rhinitis
-Pasteurella Multicocida
-MGMT FACTORS: over crowding, poor ventilitation/sanitation, cont getting new pigs
-SYMPTOMS: sneezing, nasal discharge, deformity of snout, decrease feed/growth, severe atrophy of nasal turbinates
-TREATMENT: inj baytril, vaccine MUST contain pasteurella toxin, vaccinate sows prior to farrowing, antibiotics in feed
-RESISTANT TO MACROLIDES, CEPHLOSPORINS
Porcine Pleuropneumonia
"APP"
-all age susceptible, mostly younger pigs
-SYMPTOMS: fever of 106, no resp signs, mouth breathing, lethargy, foamy/bloody nasal/oral discharge, skin turns blue, cytotoxins/hemolysins destroy RBCs/WBCs and deoxygenate blood
-TREATMENT: Draxxin, Micotil, Excenel
-SPF: Specific Pathogen Free
Glassers
-Attacks serosal membranes
-affects weaned piglets
-found in nasal of healthy pigs
-SYMPTOMS: fever, coughing, cyanosis, lameness, meningitis, death
-TREATMENT: Draxxin, vaccinate
-DIAGNOSIS: by symptoms
Serosal Membranes affected in Glassers
-Lungs: pleurisky and dark red/purple
-Heart: pericarditis
-Intestines: Peritonitis
-Joints: swollen/arthritis
-Brain: meningitis
Porcine Circovirus
-Post Weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome
-Damages immune system
-causes immunosuppression
-SYMPTOMS: ill, weight loss, inflammation of skin, kidneys, lungs
-TREATMENT: none
-DIAGNOSIS: Histopathology, serology, virus isolation, immunohistochemistry
-PREVENTION: Vaccine, AI/AO, Bird/Rodent control, sanitation, housing environment
SMEDI
(Stillbirths; Mummies; Embryonic death; Infertility)
-70% of stillbirths occur during farrowing
-REDUCING STILLBIRTHS: proper nutrition, temp of farrowing house, litter size, body condition, age, supervision
-IF MUMMIFIED: measured in mm; measure head to rump divide by 3 + 21
Porcine Reproductive and Resp Syndrome
PRRS
-mystery swine disease
-caused by RNA enveloped virus
-TRANSMISSION: pig-pig, airborne
-SYMPTOMS OF BRED SOWS: abortions, increase stillborns/mummies, increase small litters with weak pigs
-SYMPTOMS OF NURSING/GROWING/FINISHING:
increase mortality, pneumonia, fever, decrease hair coat, enlarged lymph nodes, decrease appetite/ wt gain, increased bacterical infections
-TREATMENT: none
-DIAGNOSE: based on symptoms, isolate virus
-PREVENTION: vaccine, AI/AO, avoid mixing age groups, serostains
Brucellosis
-all ages affected
-TRANSMISSION: pig-pig, venereal
-SYMPTOMS SOWS: abortions, infertility, metritis
-SYMPTOMS BOARS: orchitis, infertility
-SYMPTOMS NURSING/GROWERS: lameness, post paralysis
-DIAGNOSIS: serology, blood samples
-TREATMENT: control vectors, good herd biosecurity, depopulate/repopulate with new pigs
Orchitis
Swelling testicles
Parvovirus
-DNA virus
-resistant to disinfectants, environment
-affects pregnany sows
-TRANSMISSION: oronasal, venereal, aerosol
-SYMPTOMS: infertility, stillbirths, mummies, reduces litter size
-FETAL AGE: under 35 days---> embryonic death
35-65 days---> mummy
above 65 days---> old enough to fight disease
-most common in first litter guilts
-DIAGNOSIS: serology, virus isolation
-TREATMENT: vaccine, blood test
Leptosiprosis
-Bratislava
-adults are affected
-zoonotic disease
-TRANSMISSION: H2O, rodents, feed
-IN URINE!!!!!!!!!!!!
-SYMPTOMS: abortions, SB, weak pigs, anorexia, pyrexia, listlessness
-DIAGNOSIS: serology, isolate tissue
-TREATMENT: Biomycin, in feed, killed vaccine, clean H2O, control rodents
-DDX: pseudorabies, swine flu, mycotoxins, seasonal, PRRS, Brucellosis
Mycotoxins
-Produced by MOLD
- Suspect when 2-3 abortions occur in short period
-PREVENTIONS: clean feed bins
Mulberry Heart Disease
-weaning piglets affects
-Selenium/ Vitamin E deficiency
-SYMPTOMS: sudden death
-POST MORTEM LESIONS: fluid around heart/lungs, hemorrhage/pale spots in heart muscle
-DIAGNOSIS: histological samples, postmortem lesions
-TREATMENT: add vitamin E/ Selenium to feed or Injection
Erysipelas
"Diamond Skin Disease"
-world wide
-affects man, rodents, mammals, turkeys, wild birds, sheep
-healthy animals carry in tonsils, intestines, gall bladder
-associated with stress
-shed in urine, feces, saliva
-everything is contaminated
-SYMPTOMS: sudden death, swollen joints, fever, skin lesions, sudden onset
-TREATMENT: killed vaccine, inj Draxxin every 10 days
Exudate
slimy discharge
Pyrexia
Fever
Staphylococcus Hyicus
"Greasy Pig Disease"
-suckling pigs affected
-SYMPTOMS: brown greasy discharge on skin, ulcerative lesions, foul odor, death from kidney failure
- TREATMENT: No vaccine, lincomycin
Pseudorabies
-Herpesvirus (persistant/latent forms)
- affects other species; MOSTLY SUCKLING PIGS
-TRANSMISSION: airborne, lateral/ vertical
-SYMPTOMS: abortions (sows), excessive salivation, fever, depression, convulsions, enters nervous tissue---> death 6-10 days
-IF RECOVERED: blind, partial paralysis
-TREATMENT: remove/ euthanize pigs, live and inactivated vaccines, Depopulate/Repopulate
Swine Dysentery
-Colon affected
-pigs 10-12 weeks old affected
-morbitity 90%, mortality 30%
-get immune to it
-CAUSES: stress, vectors
-SYMPTOMS: yellow/gray/bloody diarrhea, kicking at abdomen DIE FROM DEHYDRATION/ACIDOSIS
-TREATMENT: lincomycin, bacitracin in H2O, disinfect premises, no vaccine, AI/AO, Rodent control
Transmissible Gastroenteritis (TGE)
-Corona virus
-PIGS UNDER 21 DAYS: high mortality
-GROWER/FINISHER PIGS: unthrifty
-ADULTS: mild affected
-SYMPTOMS: fever, vomiting, watery diarrhea, decreased appetite, dehydration, foul odor
-POST MORTEM: thin intestinal wall, undigested milk in intestine
-DIAGNOSIS: serology, acidic diarrhea
-TREATMENT: reduce chilling, hydrate/electrolytes, sustain E
-PREVENTION: vector control, vaccine questionable, grind small intestine of dead pigs and feed to sows to give them the bug
Porcine Proliferative Enterophathy
-Garden Hose Gut
-grower pigs are chronic
-Young/ finisher pigs are acute
-Commonly found on pig farms
-affected by fecal/ oral
ileitis
-CHRONIC SYMPTOMS: grower piggies (40-150lbs), severe loss condition, decrease FCR, increase feed costs, poor doers, death
-ACUTE SYMPTOMS: 13 day incubation period, death, anemia, lethargy, decrease appetite, dark red diarrhea, in pigs over 150 lbs
Enterotoxemia type C
"Purple Gut"
- causes hemorrhagic enteritis and bloody scours
-first month or two of life
-SYMPTOMS: depression, bloody scours, abd pain, convulsions, sudden death (within 24 hours)
-TREATMENT: vaccinate preg ewes 30 days before birthing, vaccinate lambs at 2-3 days, then in 2 weeks.
Tetanus
-spores germinate in tissue
-symptoms occur 1-2 weeks after entering wound
- sudden noises cause violent contractions of muscles
-SYMPTOMS: sawhorse stance, lock jaw, death when resp muscles become paralyzed
-TREATMENT: clean wound and inj penicillin/antitoxin, vaccinate ewes 30 days before lambing, vaccinate lambs when castrating/docking.
Pregnancy Toxemia
"Ketosis"
-occurs in ewes at least 6 weeks of gestation
-low energy, higher growth rate of fetus
-Too thin/ too fat are more susceptible
-SYMPTOMS: poor appetite, lethargy, incoordination, aimlessness walking, recumbancy, death
-TREATMENT: oral propylene gycol 2 oz TID, induce parturition More Bonuses.
Types of Vaccines
-Live: contains strains of the infected agent
-modified live: agent replicated, but no symptoms
-killed/inactivated: organism killed; no growth
-autogenous: infection on farm, you make the vaccine from the infection
Pneumonia in Sheep
-major cause of economic loss
-cranal ventral part of lung affected first; firm tissue
-adenovirus, parainfluenza, pasteurella, bot flies, chlamydia, mycoplasma
-CAUSES: dust, increase ammonia, drafty barns, nutrient deficiency, crowding, inadequate colostrum and colostral antibodies
-SYMPTOMS: depression, labored breathing, decrease appetite, coughing, fever, nasal/ocular discharge, death
-TREATMENT: micotil, excenel, CTC to mass treat, supportive therapy
Contagious Ecthyma
"Sore Mouth" "Orf"
- caused by pox virus
-introduced by new or show animals
- persists in scabs from lesions or pastures
-tiny red nodules on lips turn into blisters then thick brown scabs form
- nursing ewes can get lesions on udders from infected lamb---> causes mastitis
- chronic infections in lambs can lose condition
- TREATMENT: live vaccine on inside thigh (2x) in lambs---> 1 month of age, separate vaccinated from non vaccinated
Caseous Lymphadenitis
-found in soil where grazing
-abscesses with thick green pus
-when ruptured, contaminate EVERYTHING
-lymph nodes near head/neck are affected
- internal abscess may affect liver, kidneys, repro track, nervous system
- lose weight and body condition
-TREATMENT: vaccinate, culling, flush and pack with iodine soaked gauze
C. Perfringens Type D
"Overeating Disease" "Pulpy Kidney Disease"
- in lambs 1 month of age or older
-CAUSED BY: excess feeding--->increases starch in rumen--->growth of clostridia and toxin production
-SYMPTOMS: excitement, convulsions, incoordination
- causes rapid degeneration of kidneys
-TREATMENT: vaccinate preg ewes 30 day prior to lambing, vaccinate lambs prior to increase concentrates in diet
Retroviruses
-OPP, CAEV
-slow viruses (months-years)
-transmission by nasal/oral secretions on fomites
- lambs can be infected by contaminated milk
Ovine Progressive Pneumonia
-in mature sheep
-retrovirus
-annual testing
-histologic diagnosis
-NO TREATMENT
-put lambs on milk replacer
-SYMPTOMS: coughing, fever, lethargy, decrease appetite, bronchial exudate, slow chronic wasting, no inflammatory mastitis
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis
-arthritis in older goats
-retrovirus
-SYMPTOMS: swollen joints, lameness, neurologic symptoms, incoordination, lethargy, convulsions, seizures, death, encephalitis in goats 1-6 months age
-cull and test others
Three most common causes of abortions in sheep
-toxoplasma
-campylobacterosis
-chlamydia
Specimens for Diagnosis of abortions
-REFRIGERATE SPECIMENS
-fetus
-placenta
-serum
-vagina swabs
Campylobacteriosis
"Vibriosis"
-late abortions, still births, premature births, weak lambs
-fetuses die 1-2days before aborted
-metritis 24-48 hours post abortion
-TREATMENT: kill vaccine, tetracyclines in feed
Metritis
Vaginal infection post abortion
Enzootic Abortion
-caused by chlamydia in LATE gestation
-affects yearlings and young ewes
-oral transmission in uterine discharge, placenta, aborted fetuses
-necrotic, leathery gray brown cotyledons
-serology; look for increase of antibodies
-TREATMENT: isolate ewe, kill vaccine, tetracyclines in feed last 4-6 weeks of gestation
-few to no lesions on fetus
Serology
check blood levels
Toxoplasmosis
-abortions, still births
-oocytes shed in feces of cats, ingested by ewe
-swollen cotyledons with scattered gray necrotic areas and mineralization
- no lesions on fetus
-animals get immune
-placental lesions are high (gray and white foci)
-NO TREATMENT; CONTROL CATS
Urolithiasis
-Phosphate stones in urethra
-decrease water intake
-improper Ca:P ratio
-SYMPTOMS: discomfort, restlessness, frequent attempts to urinate
- TREATMENT: surgery, urethrostomy, smooth muscle relaxers
-provide clean water, add up to 4% NaCl to ration, add 1/4 oz ammonium chloride per head per day
Club Lamb Fungus
"Ringworm" "Woolrot" "Wool Fungus"
-attacks hair shafts, surface of skin
-circular lesions, raised plaque or scaly lesions
-CONTAGIOUS (animal-animal, fomites)
-2 to 4 months untreated
-TREATMENTS: antifungal treatments, sunlight
Scours
-Enterotoxigenic e coli
-3-5 days old
-ewes carry organism and lambs get from nursing
-inadequate levels of colostral antibody
-SYMPTOMS: watery yellow diarrhea, dehydration, death
-FLUIDS NOT ANTIBIOTICS
-TREATMENT: E coli antiserium, vacc ewes 30 days prior to lambing, shear/crutch, clean pens, avoid deep mud/manure
Copper Toxicity
-50-100mg/ kg is ACUTE toxic
-intravascular hemolysis
-STRESS CAUSES!
-affects KIDNEYS
-TREATMENT: penicillamine 50 mg PO SID
Haemonchus Contortus
"Barberpole Worm"
-located in abomasum
-highly pathogenic
-major drug resistant
-major killer of sheep/goats
-causes bottle jaw, anemia, hypoproteinemia
Hypoproteinemia
loss of proteins in vessels and a decrease in oncotic pressure to decrease fluid flow
Anemia
low RBCs
Haemonchus Contortus Life Cycle
-lay eggs in feces
-molt
-crawl to standing forage
-crawl up grass 2-3 feet from forages
-ingested by host
-adults in abomasum
Haemonchus Contortus Treatment
-MOST EFFECTIVE: cydectin, levamisole
-NON EFFECTIVE: icomec, safeguard, panacure
Haemonchus Contortus Minimizing Restance
-must kill 90% at recommended dosage rate
-Deworm strategically
-FAMACHA card; 3 and below treat
-provide tannin rich forages
Common Pathogens in Swine Resp Diseases
-Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome
-Mycoplasma (most common)
-Swine Influenza Virus
Swine Mycoplasma Pneumonia
-leading cause of CHRONIC pneumonia
-bacterial and viral infections
-16% reduced growth rate
-22% reduced feed consumption
- moderate morbidity, low mortality
-SYMPTOMS: chronic cough, death (sec bacterial inf), swollen joints, poor coat, loss of condition, stunting, lameness, inner ear inf (head tilt)
-DIAGNOSIS: by symptoms
-TREATMENT: serology, vaccines (vaccinate at 7 days and weaning)
-sensitive to tetracyclines, lincomycin, tiamulin
Thumps
jerky respiration from spasms of diaphragm
Foot Rot
-in moist soil
-usually 1 back foot
-SYMPTOMS: lameness, swollen foot
-TREATMENT: tetracyclines, foot baths with disinfectants
-Skin between hoove soften, being more susceptible to tearing and lesions causing swellling
Pruritis
Itching!!
Ataxia
Unable to walk
Scrapie
-Vertical and horzontial transmission
-infected placenta
-infectious prion found in certain breeds/lines
-TREATMENT: none
-SYMPTOMS: loss of wool on sides/flanks, tremble, 'nibbling' reflex, incoordination, ataxia, recumbancy, death
-examin flock on regular basis
White Muscle Disease
-lambs at birth to 8 weeks old
-rapidly growing, heavily muscled lambs
-Vit E, Selenium Deficiency
-SYMPTOMS: weakness, poor suckling reflex, stiffness, arch back, sawhorse stance, resp distress, death
-degeneration of heart and skeletal muscles
-TREATMENT: inj ewes with Selenium and Vit E the last month of preg, treat lambs at birth
Swine Influenza Virus
-caused by stress (new breeding stock, new feeder pigs, return from livestock shows)
-high morbitity rate
- incubation is 18-24 hours
-SYMPTOMS: coughing, sneezing, muscular stiffness, pain, fever, anorexia, lung edema, thumps
-damages mucociliary escalator
-DIAGNOSIS: isolate tissue from dead pig; serology
-TREATMENT: no specific treatment; antibiotics, killed vaccine
-PREVENTION: draft free house, clean bedding, sanitary nursing care; 2-6 weeks
Atrophic Rhinitis
-Pasteurella Multicocida
-MGMT FACTORS: over crowding, poor ventilitation/sanitation, cont getting new pigs
-SYMPTOMS: sneezing, nasal discharge, deformity of snout, decrease feed/growth, severe atrophy of nasal turbinates
-TREATMENT: inj baytril, vaccine MUST contain pasteurella toxin, vaccinate sows prior to farrowing, antibiotics in feed
-RESISTANT TO MACROLIDES, CEPHLOSPORINS
Porcine Pleuropneumonia
"APP"
-all age susceptible, mostly younger pigs
-SYMPTOMS: fever of 106, no resp signs, mouth breathing, lethargy, foamy/bloody nasal/oral discharge, skin turns blue, cytotoxins/hemolysins destroy RBCs/WBCs and deoxygenate blood
-TREATMENT: Draxxin, Micotil, Excenel
-SPF: Specific Pathogen Free
Glassers
-Attacks serosal membranes
-affects weaned piglets
-found in nasal of healthy pigs
-SYMPTOMS: fever, coughing, cyanosis, lameness, meningitis, death
-TREATMENT: Draxxin, vaccinate
-DIAGNOSIS: by symptoms
Serosal Membranes affected in Glassers
-Lungs: pleurisky and dark red/purple
-Heart: pericarditis
-Intestines: Peritonitis
-Joints: swollen/arthritis
-Brain: meningitis
Porcine Circovirus
-Post Weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome
-Damages immune system
-causes immunosuppression
-SYMPTOMS: ill, weight loss, inflammation of skin, kidneys, lungs
-TREATMENT: none
-DIAGNOSIS: Histopathology, serology, virus isolation, immunohistochemistry
-PREVENTION: Vaccine, AI/AO, Bird/Rodent control, sanitation, housing environment
SMEDI
(Stillbirths; Mummies; Embryonic death; Infertility)
-70% of stillbirths occur during farrowing
-REDUCING STILLBIRTHS: proper nutrition, temp of farrowing house, litter size, body condition, age, supervision
-IF MUMMIFIED: measured in mm; measure head to rump divide by 3 + 21
Porcine Reproductive and Resp Syndrome
PRRS
-mystery swine disease
-caused by RNA enveloped virus
-TRANSMISSION: pig-pig, airborne
-SYMPTOMS OF BRED SOWS: abortions, increase stillborns/mummies, increase small litters with weak pigs
-SYMPTOMS OF NURSING/GROWING/FINISHING:
increase mortality, pneumonia, fever, decrease hair coat, enlarged lymph nodes, decrease appetite/ wt gain, increased bacterical infections
-TREATMENT: none
-DIAGNOSE: based on symptoms, isolate virus
-PREVENTION: vaccine, AI/AO, avoid mixing age groups, serostains
Brucellosis
-all ages affected
-TRANSMISSION: pig-pig, venereal
-SYMPTOMS SOWS: abortions, infertility, metritis
-SYMPTOMS BOARS: orchitis, infertility
-SYMPTOMS NURSING/GROWERS: lameness, post paralysis
-DIAGNOSIS: serology, blood samples
-TREATMENT: control vectors, good herd biosecurity, depopulate/repopulate with new pigs
Orchitis
Swelling testicles
Parvovirus
-DNA virus
-resistant to disinfectants, environment
-affects pregnany sows
-TRANSMISSION: oronasal, venereal, aerosol
-SYMPTOMS: infertility, stillbirths, mummies, reduces litter size
-FETAL AGE: under 35 days---> embryonic death
35-65 days---> mummy
above 65 days---> old enough to fight disease
-most common in first litter guilts
-DIAGNOSIS: serology, virus isolation
-TREATMENT: vaccine, blood test
Leptosiprosis
-Bratislava
-adults are affected
-zoonotic disease
-TRANSMISSION: H2O, rodents, feed
-IN URINE!!!!!!!!!!!!
-SYMPTOMS: abortions, SB, weak pigs, anorexia, pyrexia, listlessness
-DIAGNOSIS: serology, isolate tissue
-TREATMENT: Biomycin, in feed, killed vaccine, clean H2O, control rodents
-DDX: pseudorabies, swine flu, mycotoxins, seasonal, PRRS, Brucellosis
Mycotoxins
-Produced by MOLD
- Suspect when 2-3 abortions occur in short period
-PREVENTIONS: clean feed bins
Mulberry Heart Disease
-weaning piglets affects
-Selenium/ Vitamin E deficiency
-SYMPTOMS: sudden death
-POST MORTEM LESIONS: fluid around heart/lungs, hemorrhage/pale spots in heart muscle
-DIAGNOSIS: histological samples, postmortem lesions
-TREATMENT: add vitamin E/ Selenium to feed or Injection
Erysipelas
"Diamond Skin Disease"
-world wide
-affects man, rodents, mammals, turkeys, wild birds, sheep
-healthy animals carry in tonsils, intestines, gall bladder
-associated with stress
-shed in urine, feces, saliva
-everything is contaminated
-SYMPTOMS: sudden death, swollen joints, fever, skin lesions, sudden onset
-TREATMENT: killed vaccine, inj Draxxin every 10 days
Exudate
slimy discharge
Pyrexia
Fever
Staphylococcus Hyicus
"Greasy Pig Disease"
-suckling pigs affected
-SYMPTOMS: brown greasy discharge on skin, ulcerative lesions, foul odor, death from kidney failure
- TREATMENT: No vaccine, lincomycin
Pseudorabies
-Herpesvirus (persistant/latent forms)
- affects other species; MOSTLY SUCKLING PIGS
-TRANSMISSION: airborne, lateral/ vertical
-SYMPTOMS: abortions (sows), excessive salivation, fever, depression, convulsions, enters nervous tissue---> death 6-10 days
-IF RECOVERED: blind, partial paralysis
-TREATMENT: remove/ euthanize pigs, live and inactivated vaccines, Depopulate/Repopulate
Swine Dysentery
-Colon affected
-pigs 10-12 weeks old affected
-morbitity 90%, mortality 30%
-get immune to it
-CAUSES: stress, vectors
-SYMPTOMS: yellow/gray/bloody diarrhea, kicking at abdomen DIE FROM DEHYDRATION/ACIDOSIS
-TREATMENT: lincomycin, bacitracin in H2O, disinfect premises, no vaccine, AI/AO, Rodent control
